<p>The Western Promenade is a historic promenade, an 18.1 acre public park and recreation area in the West End neighborhood of Portland, Maine. Developed between 1836 and the early 20th century, it is one Portlands oldest preserved spaces, with landscaping by the Olmsted Brothers, who included it in their master plan for the citys parks. The promenade was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Western Promenade occupies land overlooking a bluff on the west side of the Portland peninsula. It is bounded on the north by the Maine Medical Center complex, the east by the Western Cemetery and a historic 19th-century residential neighborhood (listed on the National Register as the Western Promenade Historic District), and the west by Valley Street. The park is now over 18 acre in size, and basically linear in shape. The park provides views to the west which include the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The steep slope of the bluff is wooded, except for a section near West Street where a trail is cut down to Valley Street. The network of trails on the bluff is essentially that laid out by John C. Olmsted in 1905.</p><br>
<p>The city began acquiring land on the peninsulas western bluff as early as 1836, since it had long been recognized for its scenery and views, and there was public pressure for increased open space on the increasingly urbanized peninsula. At some point a tree-lined drive was built along the bluff. Beginning in the late 1870s, city engineer William Goodwin championed efforts to further improve the park. In the 1890s and 1900s, Mayor James Phinney Baxter engineered the expansion of the park to its present dimensions, and hired the Olmsted Brothers to oversee a landscaping plan for the park, and to develop a master plan for the citys parks. Design work on the Western Promenade is credited to John C. Olmsted and Henry Vincent Hubbard, then an apprentice with the Olmsted firm.</p><br>
<p>The Western Promenade Historic District encompasses a large late 19th to early 20th century neighborhood in the West End of Portland, Maine. This area of architecturally distinctive homes was home to three of the citys most prominent architects: Francis H. Fassett, John Calvin Stevens, and Frederick A. Tompson, and was Portlands most fashionable neighborhood in the late 19th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Prior to about 1850, much of Portland&#39;s development took place in the central portion of the Portland peninsula, whose western end was somewhat swampy. Most of the southwestern portion of the peninsula, between Danforth and Congress Streets, was owned by J.B. Brown, who in the mid-1850s built a large mansion house (called "Bramhall"). The city had in 1836 acquired some land at the western escarpment, and established the Western Promenade, a public park, and the Western Cemetery had been established in the late 18th century. In the 1860s the city began to grow westward, and Brown platted out a road network and began selling off building lots, draining and filling the swampy areas.</p><br>
<p>Prominent among the purchasers of land in the area was Francis H. Fassett, the city&#39;s leading architect of the second half of the 19th century. His own home stands at 117–119 Pine Street, and he is credited with a significant number of designs in the neighborhood. Fassett was a mentor to John Calvin Stevens, who lived on Bowdoin Street. His house is a notable early example of the Shingle style, which Stevens had a major role in promoting, and his designs are also found throughout the area.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is bounded on the west by the Western Promenade, the north by Bramhall and Brackett Streets, on the south by Danforth Street, and the east by a ragged line that roughly includes Clark, Cushman, and Emery Streets. There are 420 buildings in the district, representing a diversity of architectural styles which were popular between 1850 and 1920. There are high-quality architect-designed examples of Second Empire, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Shingle styles, with a particularly fine row of houses facing the Western Promenade. Among those is the Adam P. Leighton House, a fine Italianate mansion designed by Frederick A. Tompson for Adam Leighton, a Portland businessman and mayor who is credited with inventing the postcard.</p><br>
<p>Littlestane Loch, was situated in the mid-Ayrshire clayland near Stanecastle, Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland. It is nowadays  only visible as an area of permanent water in the Scottish Wildlife Trust Sourlie Nature Reserve. The loch was natural, sitting in a hollow created by glaciation. The loch waters outflow was via the Red Burn that flows into the River Garnock. The site of Littlestane Loch site is partly built over and much of the site is now public open space lying within the Parish of Girdle Toll.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Blaeus map of 1654, derived from the early 1600s survey by Timothy Pont shows the loch as a substantial oval shaped body of water with an outflow via the Red Burn. Direct rainfall and runoff were the main inflows. Roys map of 1747-55 clearly marks the loch, although much reduced in extent. A Loch Wards habitation is marked in the vicinity of the old loch.</p><br>
<p>Littlestane Farm, recorded as Litle Stain is marked as being on the northern end of Littlestane Loch in the 1600s, however by the 1750s the farmstead was no longer on its edge due to its contraction. Related placenames on Ponts map are Lichmil or Loch Mill and Thurland&#39; or Thirled land.</p><br>
<p>Ordnance Survey maps of the 19th century show the loch site as a marshy area extending into the Sourlie Woods and as an area of marshy land close to Lawthorn Wood.</p><br>
<p>The old Irvine Burgh boundary is marked on OS maps as running up the Red Burn, then following the curve of the old Littlestane lochshore before extending through the old Sourlie Woods site.</p><br>
<h3>The draining of Littlestane Loch</h3><br>
<p>The outflow of this shallow loch was into the Red Burn, which now is now piped in the vicinity of the loch and downstream only flows in a canalised form, diverted in places, into the River Garnock. The Perceton Branch of the Glasgow and South Western Railway ran across the site, as does the A736 Lochlibo Road. A mineral line is shown in 1910 running to Fergushill Collieries numbers 29 and 30, the railway embankment being built across the loch bed.</p><br>
<p>As stated, the loch shrunk between 1600 and the 1750s, existing only as marshy areas on the first OS maps of the 1850s and not featuring on maps of the early 1800s.</p><br>
<p>The loch&#39;s drainage may have begun in the 18th century when Alexander Montgomerie, 10th Earl of Eglinton, was pursuing a number of agricultural improvements on his extensive estates. Intensive drainage work may have taken place in the 1740s as part of the improvements undertaken to provide employment for Irish Montgomerie estate workers during the Irish potato famines of the 1740s and the mid 19th centuries. Many drainage schemes also date to the end of World War I when many soldiers returned en masse to civilian life.</p><br>
<h3>The Drukken Steps</h3><br>
<p>A minor link with Robert Burns is the existence of the nearby site of the Drukken Steps over the Red Burn in the old Eglinton Woods near Stanecastle at NS 329 404, was a favourite haunt of Robert Burns and his friend Richard Brown whilst the two were in Irvine in 1781 - 82.</p><br>
<p>Public School 66, also known as the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School, and formally known as Brooklyn Hills School, is a historic school building in Richmond Hill, Queens, New York. It was designed by noted architect C. B. J. Snyder  and built in 1898. It is a -story brick structure in the Romanesque style. It has a prominent, off-center tower with belfry. It features a slate roof and decorative stucco frieze. The school has a fortress-like appearance, including prominent round arches highlighting window openings, and a distinctive six-story tower. The building was restored in 2001 and remains in use as a New York City Public School.</p><br>
<p>PS 66 is also a relic from the time when Richmond Hill, Queens was a farming community, and was transitioning into an urban residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, Caroline Kennedy pleads to the New York City Council to save the school named after her mother Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, by approving the school as a city historic landmark.</p><br>
<p>Ophryneion  was an ancient Greek city in the northern Troad region of Anatolia. Its territory was bounded to the west by Rhoiteion and to the east by Dardanos. It was located about 1.5 km north-east of the village of İntepe  in Çanakkale Province, Turkey. The city was situated on the steep brow of a hill overlooking the Dardanelles, hence the origin of its Ancient Greek name ὀφρῦς , meaning brow of a hill, crag.</p><br>
<h2>Foundation</h2><br>
<p>Ophryneion was supposedly one of a series of cities founded by Akamas the son of Theseus which he subsequently passed off as being founded by Ascanius and Skamandrios, the sons of Aeneas and of Hector respectively. This story was taken from the 2nd century BC scholar Lysimachus of Alexandria, who related it in Book 2 of his Nostoi, who in turn derived it from a late 4th century BC historian known as Dionysios of Chalkis. It has been argued that this tradition reflects a pro-Athenian bias, as it makes the founder of many places in the Troad the son of Athens most important hero, Theseus, while at the same time explaining away the fact that contemporary traditions made no mention of such a connection. By contrast with the story of Ophryneion being founded by Akamas, which puts the citys origins in the period immediately following the destruction of Troy, surface surveys conducted on the site suggest that it was occupied no earlier than the 6th century BC.</p><br>
<h2>The Tomb of Hector</h2><br>
<p>O: bearded Hector wearing triple crested helmet</p><br>
<p>R: infant Dionysos holdig bunch of grape, OΦPY</p><br>
<p>this bronze coin was struck in Ophryneion 350-300 BC</p><br>
<p>In Antiquity Ophryneion was considered to be the site of the Tomb of Hector, the famous Trojan hero killed by Achilles in Homer&#39;s Iliad. It is possible that a lost play of the 5th century BC tragedian Sophocles referred to this tradition, and it likewise appears to be referred to on a vase from c. 500-490 BC depicting the sack of Troy. However, the first secure reference to this tradition appears on the coinage of Ophryneion, c. 350-300 BC, which depicted Hector. After the city of Thebes was rebuilt in 316 BC (it had been destroyed by Alexander the Great in 335 BC), the bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes in accordance with an oracle which promised Thebes prosperity should this happen. In the early 1st century AD, the geographer Strabo described there being a sacred precinct of Hector near Oryphneion in a conspicuous spot, but scholars have been unable to identify it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ophryneion is rarely mentioned in extant sources from Antiquity. Herodotus mentions that in 480 BC Xerxes passed by his way up the coast before crossing to Europe at nearby Abydos. Later that century, it was one of the Actaean cities which Mytilene lost control of following the end of the Mytilenean revolt in 427 BC. An inscription from Athens dating to 414/413 BC, which records property confiscated from Athenian nobleman implicated in the mutilation of the Herms, indicates that a relative of Alcibiades, Axiochus, earned revenues from land in the territory of Ophryneion. In the summer of 399 BC Xenophon stopped here to offer sacrifice while marching home with the Ten Thousand. Later in the 4th century BC, a speech of the orator Demosthenes relates how a man who had been exiled from Byzantium, Parmeno, had decided to settle at Ophryneion, but was forced to move when an earthquake struck the Chersonese and brought down his house, presumably causing similar damage in the rest of the town. Some time shortly after 316 BC, the bones of Hector were moved from Ophryneion to Thebes (see above, The Tomb of Hector), although Strabos description of Hectors precinct at Ophryneion in the 1st century AD suggests that he was still worshipped there after his bones had moved. Strabo indicates that before the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC, Ophryneion had been under the sway of Dardanus to the north-east, whereas after this point it instead belonged to Ilium. Pot sherds and coins found at Ophryneion indicate that the site was continuously occupied until at least the Byzantine period, but with the exception of its fame as the one-time location of the bones of Hector, we hear no more about it.</p><br>
<p>Strawberry Crater is a cinder cone volcano, more than 1,000 ft high, in the San Francisco volcanic field, 20 mi north of Flagstaff, Arizona. It is along Forest Road 545 between the Wupatki National Monument and Sunset Crater National Monument in the Strawberry Crater Wilderness. The crater lies in a volcanic field at a base elevation of about 5,500 ft, and prominence heights of about 6,526 ft. The northwestern end of the crater is covered with lava flows, while the southern end is filled with low cinder cones. Several of the surrounding cones include the better known, taller and younger Sunset Crater in the adjacent Sunset Crater National Monument.</p><br>
<p>The wilderness area that includes Strawberry Crater covers 10,743 acre, consisting mainly of hills, cinder cones, and arid terrain ranging in elevation from 5500 to 6000 ft. The surface landforms are about 50,000 to 100,000 years old.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The cone shape and the reddish cinders that created the cone resemble a giant strawberry.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Experts say that Strawberry Crater is relatively young compared to other craters in the United States. It was formed from volcanic eruptions around 800 and 1604 B.C. There were several volcanic periods, during which multi-colored rocks were deposited on Earth&#39;s surface. Nine-hundred-year-old Sinagua ruins in the vicinity include evidence of gardens that used volcanic cinders as a water-retaining mulch.</p><br>
<p>From the top of the cinder cones there are views of the Kachina Peaks Wilderness, the Hopi Buttes, the Painted Desert, and the valley of the Little Colorado River. The geologic forms and twisted junipers make Strawberry Crater Wilderness a popular place for photography.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Hiking and recreation at Strawberry Crater is open year round. Winters near the crater average to around 50 degrees, while summers tend to be very hot and dry. There are very few natural water sources near the hiking trail, so travelers are advised to bring a sufficient amount of water.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Around the actual crater, there are low walls of stacked rock. These walls are said to be Native American constructions. There are also remnants of ancient gardens where inhabitants used volcanic cinders for water-retaining mulch.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Strawberry Crater offers a variety of recreational activities such as day hiking and horseback riding. Information about these activities can be found on the Coconino National Forest recreational website.</p><br>
<p>Douglaston Hill Historic District is a national historic district in Douglaston, Queens, New York. It includes 83 contributing buildings and two contributing sites. The buildings include Zion Episcopal Church , houses and garages, and commercial buildings. The sites are Zion cemetery and public park. It was laid out with very large lots in 1853, at the very beginning of a movement in the United States to create suburban gardens. The buildings include a number of fine examples of late-19th- and early 20th-century architectural styles such as Queen Anne, Shingle Style, and Colonial Revival. The majority of the buildings date between 1890 and 1940.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The area was recognized as a Historic District of New York City in December 2004 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, some numbered streets in the historic district were renamed to their original names, with 43rd Avenue becoming Pine Street.</p><br>
<p>Shinmoe-dake is a volcano in Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan, and a part of the Mount Kirishima cluster of volcanoes. It is believed to have formed between 7,300 and 25,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>Eruptions from Shinmoedake were recorded in 1716, 1717, 1771, 1822, 1959, 1991, 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2017.</p><br>
<h2>2011 eruptions</h2><br>
<p>The 2011 eruptions began on 19 January. On 26 January, at 7:30 AM, increased eruption activity spewed ash over the surrounding area. The ash closed four railroad lines, and some airline service was cancelled due to heavy ash in the air. It was the largest eruption from Shinmoedake since 1959. On 27 January, the volcano alert level was raised to 3.</p><br>
<p>On 1 February, an even larger eruption sent smoke up to 2.5 km in the air and threw volcanic bombs up to 1.5 km.</p><br>
<p>During February 2011, a lava dome formed in Shinmoedake&#39;s crater. On February 17, an evacuation advisory was put in place for the Miyakonojo area for 2,500 people after heavy rains threatened to produce lahars, and at least 63 people evacuated.</p><br>
<p>On 13 March, two days after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, the volcano once again erupted. The eruption forced the evacuation of several hundred residents.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>Shinmoedake was used as a location in 1967 James Bond film, You Only Live Twice, as the volcano in which the villains&#39; secret rocket base is located.</p><br>
<p>75th Avenue–61st Street Historic District is a national historic district in Glendale, Queens, New York. It includes 183 contributing buildings built between 1910 and 1925. They consist mainly of two story brick row houses with one apartment per floor. Building features include round and box front dwellings, cast stone detailing, brownstone stoops, pressed metal cornices, and covered porches.</p><br>
<p>It includes the following addresses:</p><br>
<p>60th Lane</p><br>
<p>75-02 to 75-50</p><br>
<p>75-01 to 75-49</p><br>
<p>61st St</p><br>
<p>72-28 to 72-72</p><br>
<p>72-31 to 72-69</p><br>
<p>75-02 to 75-50</p><br>
<p>75-01 to 75-49</p><br>
<p>62nd St</p><br>
<p>75-02 to 75-34</p><br>
<p>75-15 to 75-29</p><br>
<p>74-18 to 74-46</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Stantonbury Camp is the site of an Iron Age hill fort near Stanton Prior within the parish of Marksbury in Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The hillfort, which is at the top of an isolated outcrop of Oolitic Limestone, close to the A39 road is on the route of the Wansdyke.</p><br>
<p>Several iron agricultural implements from the site, including blades of sickles or pruning hooks and the iron tip from an ard, now reside in the collection of the British Museum.</p><br>
<p>The site is on the English Heritage Heritage at Risk Register as being in danger of deterioration because of extensive animal burrowing.</p><br>
<p>Mount Kirishima is a 1700 meter high active volcano group in Kagoshima Prefecture and Miyazaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Numerous eruptions have been recorded since 742. Very strong eruptions happened in 788, 1716 and 1717. Augite-hypersthene andesite is the dominant rock type.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is Mount Karakuni (1700 m). Other peaks are Takachiho-no-mine (1573 m) and Shinmoedake, both active volcanos. They are part of Kirishima-Yaku National Park near Kirishima City. Upon the summit of Takachiho was stuck the mysterious spear Ama-no-Sakahoko, by the legendary Ninigi-no-Mikoto. Mount Kirishima is considered one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. The area is often foggy, and it is believed that the name Kirishima comes from the mountain looking like an island in the fog.</p><br>
<p>The Kongō-class battlecruiser Kirishima of the Imperial Japanese Navy, and the Kongō-class guided missile destroyer Kirishima of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force were both named after this mountain.</p><br>
<p>Shinmoedake erupted in January 2011 and in March 2011. The latest eruption happened in October 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Vinegar Hill Historic District is a historic district and neighborhood in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. Built primarily in the second quarter of the twentieth century, and located a few blocks south of Indiana University Bloomington campus, Vinegar Hill has been the home of leading Indiana University faculty members. It has inspired literary attention, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Rapid growth in the importance of Bloomingtons limestone industry made limestone company executives wealthy and created heavy demand for skilled stonecutters in the city. As limestone became the citys leading industry in the 1920s, an apple orchard was removed to permit the extension of First Street eastward up a long hill and the platting of a new neighborhood. Several other city neighborhoods, such as the distinctive Prospect Hill, already bore topographical names; according to local tradition, the fermentation of apples from the orchard produced a distinctive smell that became the neighborhoods namesake. The first families to build houses in this new development were those of stonecutters, many of whom were European immigrants. Leading among these families were the Donatos, whose members built seven significant houses in the neighborhood. Because so many of the new residents were skilled stoneworkers, they decorated their houses with carvings and sculptures that would have been far too expensive for all but the richest members of society. At the top of Vinegar Hill were the mansions of the wealthy limestone executives; like the workers houses below them, these homes featured ornate stonework with images such as those of the children of the homeowners. Yet other residents of the district were some prominent Indiana University faculty, including sexology professor Alfred Kinsey, music dean Winfred Merrill, and Nobel-winning biology professor Hermann Muller.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>As limestone workers and owners, the residents of Vinegar Hill naturally looked to limestone as the material for their own houses. and the four houses built by Christopher Donato also include elaborate transoms and lintels. The most prominent houses in the neighborhood are the hilltop homes of the wealthy near the eastern end of the district; here may be found styles such as Tudor Revival and Georgian-influenced Colonial Revival. and multiple Spanish Colonial Revivals are among the most significant residences of the lower part of the hill. Among the books that have concentrated on the architecture of Vinegar Hill is Carol Shields&#39; novel The Stone Diaries, in which the neighborhood is part of the setting for much of the novel.</p><br>
<p>Closely related to the neighborhoods distinctive architecture is the unusually significant lawn furniture present around many of the houses. Objects such as detailed individual portraits, carvings of lions and griffins, and sculptures of children make the neighborhood unique: it is the only neighborhood anywhere in Indiana in which lawn furniture is a major element of the areas historic nature.</p><br>
<h2>Historic assessment</h2><br>
<p>Between 1999 and 2001, historic preservation officials working with the city of Bloomington surveyed the entire city and identified over two thousand buildings that were deemed to be historic to one extent or another, most of which were concentrated in several historic districts. Eight of Vinegar Hill&#39;s contributing properties received an "Outstanding" rating, and thirteen were deemed "Notable;" only thirty-one were called "Contributing."</p><br>
<p>In 2003, a movement started to have Vinegar Hill accorded the national recognition that it was seen as lacking, and the city received a historic preservation grant from the state government for use in the district. In an attempt to have it nominated to the National Register of Historic Places, an Indiana University class began collecting detailed information about the district&#39;s houses and interviewed many residents in order to gather support for the proposed nomination. Support grew for according federal recognition to the neighborhood, and it was officially added to the National Register on June 17, 2005. Although the city-designated historic district encompasses fifty-two contributing properties, all of which are buildings, the area designated as historic by the federal government comprises seventy-one contributing buildings and thirty-eight other contributing sites, structures, and objects.</p><br>
<h2>Table of contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Appearing in the table below are the buildings included within the boundaries of the city-designated historic district.</p><br>
<p>Hibbing High School is a public grade 7-12 high school in Hibbing, Minnesota, United States. The school building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As the Hull-Rust-Mahoning Mine expanded, iron ore was discovered under the existing town of Hibbing around 1918. The entire town of Hibbing was moved two miles south to make way for the expanding mine. The high school was built in 1920 at a cost of $4 million, bankrolled by the mining industry, which wanted to make the move more palatable for those being displaced. It also satisfied immigrants desire for their childrens education.</p><br>
<p>The school features a lavishly decorated 1800-seat auditorium patterned after the Capitol Theatre in New York City. The chandeliers were built at a cost of $15,000 each, with cut glass from Belgium. They are now each insured for $250,000. The auditorium also contains a 1900-pipe organ from the Barton Organ Company, which can play any orchestra instrument except for the violin.</p><br>
<p>The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places School for its lavish Jacobethan architecture and association with the mutual desire by corporations and residents for improved public education as the mining industry mechanized. Hibbing High School received the Bellamy Award in 1968, an honor given to one school nationwide annually to remember Francis Bellamy, the author of the Pledge of Allegiance, and to acknowledge and encourage the teaching of patriotism and good citizenship.</p><br>
<p>On November 26, 1996 construction on a new addition to the building caused a fire. Although the fire was extinguished before it reached the original building, a significant amount of smoke damage had occurred. School had to be suspended for over a month while cleaning took place.</p><br>
<p>Bob Dylan and Kevin McHale are two famous alumni of Hibbing High School.</p><br>
<p>Rodney Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Alcorn, Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Plantation owner and millionaire David Hunt (1779-1861), also known as "King David," donated the land upon which the church was built. Presbyterian Reverend Jeremiah Chamberlain began the building of the church in 1829.</p><br>
<p>The church building was built from 1829 to 1832 in the Federal architectural style. It was built with red bricks, "rounded archives, "a stepped gable" and "an octagonal bell tower."</p><br>
<p>The church played a specific role during the American Civil War of 1861-1865. Indeed, on Sunday, September 13, 1863, Reverend Baker invited crew members of the Union USS Rattler gunboat to attend his service. However, Confederates burst into the church to arrest them. When other Union crew members found out about the Confederate violation of Sunday truce, they fired a cannonball at the church, which damaged its front wall. The damage is still visible to this day.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973.</p><br>
<p>The George J. Kempf House is a privately owned residential house located at 212 East Kilbuck Street in the city of Tecumseh in Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic State and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1986. It is located just around the corner from the Joseph E. Hall House.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1905 by architect George Kempf and embodies a mix of Colonial Revival, Late Victorian, and Queen Anne Style architecture. It is significant on the local level as a stylish turn-of-the-century, two-story house. George Kempf lived in the house, and he and his brother Henry built many local homes in Tecumseh around this time.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Kempf House is a low, asymmetrical, two-story structure with an irregular plan. It has a hipped roof with additional gables and three dormers in the front. The central dormer contains two windows along with a triangular sunburst design in the gable peak; the smaller dormers to each side echo the decorative elements of the central dormer. The house is covered with clapboard. The front also contains a large porch with Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<p>Tell Bazmusian is an archaeological site on the right bank of the Little Zab in the Ranya Plain . The site was excavated between 1956 and 1958 by Iraqi archaeologists as part of a salvage operation to document cultural remains that would be flooded by Lake Dukan, the reservoir created by the Dukan Dam which was being built at that time. Apart from Tell Bazmusian, four other sites were excavated during this operation: ed-Dem, Kamarian, Qarashina and Tell Shemshara. Bazmusian is a tell, or settlement mound, with a circumference of 1,500 m and a height of 23 m. Together with Tell Shemshara, it is one of the largest archaeological sites in the Ranya Plain. When the excavations started, the southeast flank of the mound was occupied by a village that was only established at the beginning of the 20th century. The site is now submerged under Lake Dukan.</p><br>
<p>The excavations have revealed 16 occupation layers, ranging from the Samarra culture (sixth millennium BCE) up to the ninth century CE. The finds of level I consisted of a fragmented pebble foundations, ninth-century CE pottery and mudbricks. Level II also contained Islamic material. Level III, to be dated to the late second millennium BCE, contained a single-room temple with thick mudbrick walls. Pottery dated to the mid- to late-second millennium BCE. In a pit outside of this temple, several clay tablet fragments were found. Although they were too damaged to be read, based on stylistic details they could be dated to the Middle Assyrian period. An earlier version of this temple was uncovered in level IV. In level V, plastered mudbrick walls were found. Levels VI–XVI contained material dating to the third millennium BCE, the Uruk period and of the Samarra and Halaf cultures but this has not yet been published.</p><br>
<p>The New Ulm Oil Company Service Station is a historic gas station in New Ulm, Minnesota. The private, commercial structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on December 31, 1979. Its strong, fanciful visual images exemplify independent gas station designs of the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Service Station is built on a diagonal axis facing the intersection of North Broadway Street and North 5th Street in New Ulm. The main facade is flanked by two imposing, copper-roofed towers, octagonal at the first level and circular at the second. A one story office/retail area is located between the two towers, and from it projects a single-lane drive-through canopy with the gas pump area at the front. The upper sides of the canopy are capped by a parapet with a curvilinear profile. The fenestration consists of arched window and door openings under the canopy and on the two towers; all are capped by precast concrete units which join to form a decorative belt course. The entire structure is built of the rainbow Artstone block manufactured by the company that designed the building.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally designed with windmill blades at the top of each tower, but they were never installed. Over the life of the building some reversible modifications were made: the red tile roof of the canopy was replaced with asphalt shingle and a wooden screen was added to the front of the canopy. In the years after being listed on the NRHP, the wooden screen and gas pumps were removed.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Service Station was a part of the boom of gas stations built throughout the country during the 1920s, corresponding with the years of expanding automobile use; the era was one of crucial development for a rural county like Brown County. The gas station was one of a series of stations designed by the Saffert Construction Company (now American Artstone Company) of New Ulm during the 1920s. These stations projected strong, fanciful design, incorporating features such as windmills and lighthouses. Differing from the standardized plans adopted by national chains, these stations were custom-designed for specific locations belonging to independent oil companies. The New Ulm Oil Company Service Station is one of two known to survive with a high degree of historic integrity.</p><br>
<p>Beecher Hall is the oldest building on the campus of Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois. Built in 1829-30, it was the first college building erected in the state of Illinois. The building has served many functions for Illinois College, including housing the first medical school in Illinois in 1843. It is named after the first president of Illinois College, Edward Beecher. Beecher Hall is recognized by the National Park Service as being a stop on the Underground Railroad. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chartered in 1829, Illinois College was one of the first three colleges chartered in Illinois. It began constructing Beecher Hall the same year, and its first classes took place there on January 4, 1830, before the building was even finished. The college named its first building for its first president, Dr. Edward Beecher, the brother of abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher and author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Beecher Hall served in several capacities for the school through the years, including a dormitory, a library, a fraternity house, and a meeting place for campus literary societies. The building also housed the college&#39;s medical school, the first of its kind in Illinois, from 1843 to its discontinuation in 1848.</p><br>
<p>Like his siblings, Edward Beecher was an active abolitionist, and Illinois College was the de facto headquarters of Illinois antislavery movement. As part of the schools activism, Beecher Hall was a stop on the Underground Railroad. As many Central Illinois residents were pro-slavery before the Civil War, the school and its students faced criticism and threats for its participation in the abolition movement. One student, Samuel Willard, was fined for his participation in freeing an escaped slave. Beecher Hall is now part of the National Park Service&#39;s Network to Freedom, an association of historic sites linked to the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 8, 1974. The USA Postal Service released a 19-cent postal card featuring Beecher in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Hamaxitus  was an ancient Greek city in the south-west of the Troad region of Anatolia which was considered to mark the boundary between the Troad and Aeolis. Its surrounding territory was known in Greek as Ἁμαξιτία , and included the temple of Apollo Smintheus, the salt pans at Tragasai, and the Satnioeis river . It has been located on a rise called Beşiktepe near the village of Gülpınar  in the Ayvacık district of Çanakkale Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Hamaxitus first appears in the Athenian tribute lists in the 425/4 BC as hαμαχσιτός. However, this spelling reflects the influence of Attic Greek and is not a reliable guide to how Hamaxitans would have spelt or pronounced the name of their city. Hamaxitus was located in an Aeolic-speaking area: Aeolic, like other so-called East Greek dialects, was psilotic and so, unlike Attic Greek, had lost the phoneme /h/. This retained /h/ is seen in the Attic spelling of Hamaxitus with an eta, which in Attic unlike other dialects represented rather than. Likewise, the use of the digraph -χσ- (/ks/) for -ξ- (/x/) reflects Attic, not Aeolic usage. The grapheme ξ (xi) originally represented /ks/ (κσ); it was a peculiarity of Attic (consistent with not being psilotic and therefore retaining audibly aspirated consonants) that /ks/ was pronounced /ks/ and so represented by the grapheme χσ, as here in hαμαχσιτός. All other literary and epigraphic sources refer to Ἁμαξιτός and legends on the citys own coinage from the 4th century BC read ΑΜΑΞΙ (AMAXI, i.e. Ἁμαξι(τός), Hamaxi(tos)). The citys name derives from ἅμαξα (hamaxa) meaning wagon, hence the adjective ἁμαξιτός (hamaxitos), traversed by wagons, carriage-road, high-road. Remains of an ancient road have been identified leading away up the coast from the sheltered bay immediately below the rise on which the Classical city was located at Beşiktepe, indicating the name&#39;s origin.</p><br>
<h2>Apollo Smintheus</h2><br>
<p>All foundation myths about Hamaxitus in Classical Antiquity were related to the foundation of the nearby temple of Apollo Smintheus. The subject attracted much interest in Antiquity because in the opening of Homers Iliad the Trojan priest of Apollo, Chryses, addresses the god in the vocative as Σμινθεῦ (Smintheu, O, Sminthian&#39;) when imploring him to send a plague against the Greeks because Agamemnon had seized his daughter Chryseis and refused to ransom her. The epithet Σμίνθος (Sminthos) caused some confusion to Greek speakers since they did not recognize it as being Greek in origin, and attributed it to the Pelasgian or Mysian languages. The consonantal string -nth- (also found in place names such as Corinth) is considered by philologists to be non-Greek, and possibly Luwian, in origin. The passage of Homer gives no indication as to its meaning, and so myths about Apollo Smintheus primarily arose from attempts to aetiologize the epithet.</p><br>
<p>The earliest tradition comes from Callinus, an elegiac poet from Ephesus who lived in the mid-7th century BC. He relates that Hamaxitus was founded by a band of Teucrian (i.e. Trojan) Cretans who were told by an oracle to found a city wherever the earth-born (γηγενεῖς) attacked them. When they reached the area of Hamaxitus, a great horde of field mice ate all the leather on their equipment, and so they settled on the spot, interpreting the earth-born of the oracle to have been the mice. This myth thus glosses the term sminthos as mouse. Callinus aetiology takes into account both Apollos role as a god of disease and the fact that it was in precisely this role that Chryses had invoked him as Sminthian in the Iliad. However, in discussing the cult, the Augustan geographer Strabo noted that the epithets of gods worshipped at several other Greek sanctuaries were also explained by reference to a god bringing an end to a plague of small animals, and so it is not clear how Callinus arrived at this specific explanation of sminthos as mouse. The term appears again as a poetic word for mice several centuries later in a fragment of the early 5th century BC tragedian Aeschylus, indicating that by this time Callinus aetiology of Sminthian&#39; had been generalized from an explanation of a particular epithet into an independent lexeme.</p><br>
<p>Callinus version predominated in Classical Antiquity and is reflected in the local traditions of Hamaxitus. Coins minted by the city in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC feature Apollo Smintheus, and after Hamaxitus was synoecized, coins depicting Apollo Smintheus continued to be produced by the mint of Alexandreia Troas until the reign of the Empreror Gallienus (AD 260–268). In the early 1st century AD, Strabo described the sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus as having a statue of Apollo with his foot on a mouse created by the sculptor Scopas of Paros (c. 395 – c. 350 BC), while the Roman scholar Aelian (c. AD 175 – c. 235) related that mice were kept at public expense in the sanctuary and nested beneath the altar. The extensive remains of the Hellenistic temple can now be seen on the northern outskirts of the modern village of Gülpınar. The most recent Turkish excavations indicate that the Hellenistic temple was constructed c. 150–125 BC, and therefore at about the same time that the main festival of Alexandreia Troas changed from being the Πύθια ἐν Τρωάδι (Pythia en Troadi, the Pythia in the Troad) to the Σμίνθια (Sminthia, the Sminthia&#39;). The cult spread to the island of Rhodes, where a month was named Σμίνθιος (Sminthios) and a festival known as the Sminthia was held which the scholar Philomnestus discussed in On the Sminthia at Rhodes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Archaic and Classical</h3><br>
<p>Hamaxitus is believed to have first been settled by Mytilenaeans in the 8th or 7th centuries BC; however, insufficient excavation has been done at the site to prove this definitively. It was one of the Actaean cities in the Troad which Athens took from Mytilene following the end of the Mytilenean revolt in 427 BC and appears in tribute assessments for 425/4 and 422/1 BC. In 425/4 BC it had an assessment of 4 talents, a relatively high figure compared to other cities in the Troad; a large part of this wealth would have been derived from the salt pans at nearby Tragasai, which records from the Ottoman period indicate could be highly productive. A fragment of the so-called Standards Decree, which dates to the 420s BC and imposed the use of Athenian weights, measures, and coins on members of the Delian League, was found at the nearby village of Gülpınar.</p><br>
<p>Following the defeat of Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War in 403 BC, Hamaxitus enjoyed a brief period of freedom from outside interference. In 399 BC it was forcibly re-incorporated into the Persian Empire before being freed once more by the Spartan Dercylidas in 398 BC. In the 4th century BC Hamaxitus began minting its own coinage, which depicted a head of Apollo on the obverse, and either a lyre (a symbol of Apollo) with the legend ΑΜΑΞΙ (see above) on the reverse. This imagery was a reference to the famous sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus in the territory of Hamaxitus, and examples of the coinage have been found widely distributed across the Troad. Apart from the salt pans at Tragasai, Hamaxitus was also enriched by its excellent harbour in this period. Finds of Chian and Thasian wine amphorae from this period at Beşiktepe indicate Hamaxitus&#39; involvement in Aegean trade, while an inscription dating to the mid-4th century BC honours a merchant from Cius in Bithynia with the right to import and export goods from Hamaxitus tax-free by both land and sea.</p><br>
<h3>Hellenistic and Roman</h3><br>
<p>In c. 310 BC Antigonus Monophthalmus, one of Alexanders Successors, created the new city of Antigoneia Troas by synoecizing several communities in the Troad. Scholars are divided as to whether Hamaxitus was synoecized immediately or at a later date, but the most recent research (based on a reappraisal of the numismatic, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence) suggests that Hamaxitus was not synoecized until c. 188 - c. 171 BC. In the early Hellenistic period, Hamaxitus continued to promote its link with Apollo Smintheus, introducing a second and more elaborate series of coins advertising its link with the shrine. As the popularity of the cult of Apollo Smintheus grew in the Hellenistic period (see above), the convenient proximity of its port to the gods shrine meant Hamaxitus benefited from an increasing number of pilgrims passing through the citys harbour. The continuing profitability of the salt pans at Tragasai is clear from King Lysimachus attempt to tax them c. 301-281 BC, while the importance of this income to Hamaxitus is indicated by their strident (and successful) lobbying of Lysimachus for tax exemption on the salt pans. In the last decade of the 4th century BC we hear of Hamaxitus honouring a friend of Antigonus Monophthalmus, Nicomedes of Kos, and c. 230-220 BC it appeared along the route of the Delphic thearodokoi.</p><br>
<p>The settlement at Hamaxitus appears to have survived at least until the early Roman period following its synoecism with Alexandreia Troas (the city had been renamed from Antigoneia Troas following the death of Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC). The fame of Apollo Smintheus only increased following the synoecism, which rebuilt the temple, created a new festival in the god&#39;s honour, and featured Apollo Smintheus on its coins until the mid-3rd century AD. The Smintheum continued to appear on Roman and early mediaeval itineraries such as the Tabula Peutingeriana (4th or 5th century) and the Ravenna Cosmography (7th or 8th century). It is therefore likely that the port at Beşiktepe was still used by pilgrims, even if the settlement of Hamaxitus had long since declined.</p><br>
<p>Eustace Hall located on Laboratory Row is the only building on Michigan State University&#39;s main campus in East Lansing, Michigan that is on the National Register of Historic Places. Designed in a mix of "Queen Anne massing, Richardsonian Romanesque features, and Shingle Style", it was built in 1888 as the Horticultural Laboratory Building.</p><br>
<p>Its design has been variously attributed to noted MSU alumnus and noted horticulturist Liberty Hyde Bailey and to Lansing architect William Appleyard</p><br>
<p>It housed the horticulture department until 1924 when a new horticulture building (now known as Old Horticulture) was opened. It then became the University College Building until 1961 when it was renamed for Harry J. Eustace who chaired the Horticulture Department from 1908 to 1918.</p><br>
<p>The third-oldest extant building on the MSU campus, it was listed on the Michigan Register of Historic Places on March 3, 1971 as the Horticultural Laboratory Building and was listed on the National Register on September 3, 1971 as Eustace Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1999 Eustace Hall underwent a $3 million renovation funded in part by a major donation from MSU alumni Jeffrey N. Cole (BS, 1970) and Kathryn C. Cole (MBA, 1990) of Birmingham, Michigan and was renamed Eustace-Cole Hall in their honor. Eustace-Cole Hall now serves as the headquarters of the MSU Honors College.</p><br>
<p>Selamat Datang Monument , also known as the Monumen Bundaran HI or Monumen Bunderan HI, is a monument located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Completed in 1962 by sculptor Edhi Sunarso, the Selamat Datang Monument is one of the historic landmarks of Jakarta.</p><br>
<h2>History and design</h2><br>
<p>During the 1960s, President Sukarno ordered several constructions and city beautification projects in preparation for the Asian Games IV. These activities included the construction of the Ikada Sport Complex (in what is now Gelora Bung Karno Sport Complex) and several statues, including the Selamat Datang Monument, designated as Tugu Selamat Datang.</p><br>
<p>The design of the statue was sketched by Henk Ngantung, at that time the vice governor of Jakarta. The sculpting of the statue was done by sculptor Edhi Sunarso. Trubus, a close advisor to Sukarno on fine arts matters, were the coordinator of the project. The statue depicts two bronze statues of a man and a woman, waving in a welcoming gesture. The woman holds a flower bouquet in her left hand. The design evokes similarity with the style of Soviet sculptor Vera Mukhina and was heavy with socialist realism. Sukarno was said to have contributed to the design of the statue. Henk Ngantung wrote that initially the Welcome Monument was to be named "Indonesian people greet their future".</p><br>
<p>The two figures of the Welcome Monument are five metres from head to toe, or seven metres from the tip of the raised arm to toe. The two figures stand atop a pedestal. In total, the monument is about thirty meters above the ground. The Selamat Datang Monument symbolizes the openness of the Indonesian nation to visitors to the Asian Games IV.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the statue was started on August 17, 1961. During the construction of the statue, Edhi Sunarso was visited by Sukarno, US Ambassador to Indonesia Howard P. Jones, and other ministers in his studio.</p><br>
<h2>Bundaran Hotel Indonesia</h2><br>
<p>The Selamat Datang Monument is located in the center of a roundabout known as Bundaran Hotel Indonesia or Bundaran HI (Indonesian for "Hotel Indonesia Roundabout"). It is so named because of its proximity to Hotel Indonesia. Other accepted spelling is Bunderan HI, which is closer to local Javanese-Betawi language unique to Jakarta. The roundabout is strategically located in the heart of Jakarta, right in the center of Jakarta&#39;s main avenue, Jalan M.H. Thamrin, on its intersection with Jalan Imam Bonjol, Jalan Sutan Syahrir and Jalan Kebon Kacang. At its completion, Hotel Indonesia and its roundabout is the gateway for visitors of Jakarta. The roundabout features a round pond with fountains.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, Bundaran Hotel Indonesia was restored by PT Jaya Konstruksi Manggala Pratama. The restoration introduced new fountains, new design of the pool, and new lighting. Today after the reformation era, the paved plaza surrounds the pond has become a popular spot for civic demonstrations. Every Sunday morning during Jakarta&#39;s Car-Free Days, the roundabout is filled with people doing jogging, bicycling, street photography, as well as temporary street vendors.</p><br>
<p>The Western Rhaetian Alps  are a mountain range in the central part of the Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Administratively the range mainly belongs to the Italian region of Lombardy, the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the Austrian states of Vorarlberg and Tyrol. Also the independent state of Liechtenstein is totally included in the Western Rhaetian Alps.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain range is an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Central Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Western Rhaetian Alps</p><br>
<p>code=II/A-15</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The range is subdivided into seven subsections:</p><br>
<p>Oberhalbstein Range (DE: Oberhalbsteiner Alpen, IT: Alpi del Platta) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.I,</p><br>
<p>Albula Alps (DE: Albula-Alpen, IT: Alpi dell&#39;Albula) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.II,</p><br>
<p>Bernina Range (DE: Berninagruppe, IT: Alpi del Bernina) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.III,</p><br>
<p>Livigno Range (DE: Livigno-Alperne, IT: Alpi di Livigno) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.IV,</p><br>
<p>Sesvenna Range (DE: Sesvennagruppe, IT: Alpi della Val Müstair) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.V,</p><br>
<p>Silvretta, Samnaun and Ferwall Alps (DE: Silvretta, Samnaun und Ferwall Alpen, IT: Alpi del Silvretta, del Samnaun e del Verwall) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.VI,</p><br>
<p>Plessur Range (DE: Plessur-Alpen, IT: Alpi del Plessur) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.VII,</p><br>
<p>Rätikon (DE: Rätikon, IT: Catena del Rätikon) - SOIUSA code: II/A-15.- SOIUSA code: II/A-15.VIII.</p><br>
<h3>AVE Classification</h3><br>
<p>The Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps categorizes most of the SOIUSA Western Rhaetian Alps groups within the Western Limestone Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the Western Rhaetian Alps are:</p><br>
<h2>Notable passes</h2><br>
<p>Some notable passes of the Western Rhaetian Alps are:</p><br>
<p>Albula Pass</p><br>
<p>Bernina Pass</p><br>
<p>Flüela Pass</p><br>
<p>Foscagno Pass</p><br>
<p>Maloja Pass</p><br>
<p>Reschen Pass</p><br>
<p>Splügen Pass</p><br>
<p>Stelvio Pass</p><br>
<p>Umbrail Pass</p><br>
<p>Wolfgang Pass</p><br>
<p>The Eastern Rhaetian Alps  are a mountain range in the central part of the Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Administratively the range belongs to the Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige and the Austrian state of Tyrol.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain range is an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Central Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Eastern Rhaetian Alps</p><br>
<p>code=II/A-16</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The range is subdivided into three subsections:</p><br>
<p>Ötztal Alps (DE: Ötztaler Alpen, IT: Alpi Venoste) - SOIUSA code: II/A-16.I,</p><br>
<p>Stubai Alps (DE: Stubaier Alpen, IT: Alpi dello Stubai) - SOIUSA code: II/A-16.II,</p><br>
<p>Sarntal Alps (DE: Sarntaler Alpen, IT: Alpi Sarentine) - SOIUSA code: II/A-16.III.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the Eastern Rhaetian Alps are:</p><br>
<h2>Notable passes</h2><br>
<p>Some notable passes of the Eastern Rhaetian Alps are:</p><br>
<p>Brenner Pass</p><br>
<p>Jaufenpass</p><br>
<p>Penser Joch</p><br>
<p>Reschen Pass</p><br>
<p>Timmelsjoch</p><br>
<p>The Southern Rhaetian Alps  are a mountain range in the southern part of the Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Administratively the range belongs to the Italian regions of Trentino-Alto Adige and Lombardy.</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain range is an Alpine section, classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Eastern Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=Southern Limestone Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Southern Rhaetian Alps</p><br>
<p>code=II/C-28</p><br>
<h3>Subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The range is subdivided into four subsections:</p><br>
<p>Alpi dell&#39;Ortles - SOIUSA code: II/C-28.I,</p><br>
<p>Alpi della Val di Non - SOIUSA code: II/C-28.II,</p><br>
<p>Alpi dell&#39;Adamello e della Presanella - SOIUSA code: II/C-28.III</p><br>
<p>Dolomiti di Brenta - SOIUSA code: II/C-28.IV.</p><br>
<h2>Notable summits</h2><br>
<p>Some notable summits of the Southern Rhaetian Alps are:</p><br>
<h2>Notable passes</h2><br>
<p>Some notable passes of the Southern Rhaetian Alps are:</p><br>
<p>Croce Domini Pass</p><br>
<p>Gavia Pass</p><br>
<p>Mendelpass</p><br>
<p>Mortirolo Pass</p><br>
<p>Stelvio Pass</p><br>
<p>Tonale Pass</p><br>
<p>Tedbury Camp is a multivallate Iron Age promontory hill fort defended by two parallel banks near Great Elm, Somerset, England.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The inner bank is 4 ft to 6 ft wide and stand 10 ft to 15 ft high in places. There may have been a third bank. It covers an area of approximately 60 acre between the Mells River and Fordbury Water.</p><br>
<p>It is also a site of Roman occupation between 337 and 366 which left behind a hoard of Constantine Junior coins which were found in 1691.</p><br>
<p>Further excavations and explorations of the site were carried out in the 19th and 20th centuries, with a Quern-stone being discovered between 1939 and 1945.</p><br>
<p>A quarry 500 m north east of the camp actively extracted Carboniferous limestone in the 20th century and shows a geological angular unconformity.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Hotel is a historic hotel in New Ulm, Minnesota, United States. The private, commercial structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on June 21, 1990. The building is notable because of its association with the development of New Ulm&#39;s business district and as an example of Italianate architecture in a commercial building.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Hotel is a three-story Italianate-style brick building located in the center of New Ulm&#39;s historic business district. The structure originally had only two stories when it opened as the Union Hotel in 1876. New owners added the third story in 1899 during a thorough renovation where heating, plumbing and lighting fixtures were upgraded and a brick addition was extended from the rear; they renamed it the Grand Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The south-facing street facade is divided into three bays by pilasters; the center bay is narrower than the other two. Fenestration is different on the three levels: the first floor consists of a transomed central entrance with sidelights flanked by rusticated brick pilasters and large, paired plate glass storefront windows. All five of the first floor openings are set in semicircular brick arches; each window has a decorative cartouche as a keystone. In the center of the arched doorway is a carved lion&#39;s head. The formal balance used by the Italianate design is accentuated by the brick quoins. The window to the immediate right of the main entrance was a storefront entrance, but it was altered on an unknown date to match the remaining windows. A corbel table provides horizontal division between the first and second floors. The second story consists of six identical four by four double hung windows featuring stone sills and raised brick Gothic arches with keystones. The two center windows are paired. The remnants of a cornice are visible just above the keystones on the second story. The windows on the top floor are similar to the second except they are one by one sash and have nearly flat brick arches with keystones. A row of corbeled brick in the form of dentils surmount these windows, and there is a large round window centered in the facade. Additional corbeled bricks serve as an elaborate terminus to the building. The gable roof has a slight pitch and each wall as a parapet.</p><br>
<p>The west sidewall is pierced on the third floor by five double hung windows, two of which are one by one sash. The east elevation features eight double hung windows on the first floor, seven on the second, and six on the third; all of these opening have stone sills with segmental brick arches. The rear of the building has the 1899 one-story brick addition with a skillion roof.</p><br>
<p>Other than minor repainting and the removal of the awnings, the exterior of the building has undergone few changes since the 1899 redesign. The building was sandblasted in 1970, and in 1987 the building was tuckpointed and a new roof and fire sprinkler system was added. The building has since been repainted to look as it did in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After treaties were signed with local Native American tribes in 1851, the Minnesota River Valley was opened for settlement. In 1854, the first large group of settlers from the Chicago Land Society arrived in Brown County. The Society was organized by German immigrants in Chicago who desired to establish their own Midwestern colony, and New Ulm was platted in 1855. They were soon joined by Turner Germans from Cincinnati and formed the German Land Association of Minnesota. New Ulm was planned as a trading and agricultural center, but was unlike other area settlements in that it was not planned by or for the railroad; rather, the development relied on steamboats on the Minnesota River until the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>The 1860 population of New Ulm was 635, with only two of non-German descent. Among the predominantly German population was Phillip H. Gross.</p><br>
<p>The two-story wood-frame building was called the Minnesota Haus, and was the only business in the community providing room and board to visitors. Business was good, and after the hotel burned down in 1860, Gross rebuilt and renamed it as the larger Union Hotel. The hotel became a focal point of activity in New Ulm and during the Dakota War of 1862, when New Ulm itself was put under siege, served as a hospital as over 185 of the city&#39;s buildings were burned. Among the doctors at the hospital was William Worrall Mayo, who would later found the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Commercial activity increased after the conflict increased as a new influx of settlers arrived to take advantage of land provided through the Homestead Act. New Ulm began developing into a producer, exporter and processor of agricultural products and became a regional center once the railroad arrived in the area in 1872. The Union Hotel flourished, but was destroyed by fire on July 5, 1875. The fire began in an adjacent large barn belonging to the hotel which spread to the main structure; the hotels furniture was saved but fire fighting efforts moved to saving other structures on the street. The loss was estimated at about $6,000; Gross was insured to $4,200.</p><br>
<p>Gross immediately rebuilt the hotel as a two-story brick structure, hiring architect Julius Berndt, who would go on to design the Hermann Monument. Gross operated it until retiring in 1885; he died on September 19, 1895. His son-in-law, Wenzel Schotzko, took over managing the hotel. Meanwhile, by 1884 two other hotels opened in New Ulm and in 1899 a new owner of the Union Hotel added the third floor and conducted renovations that brought the hotel&#39;s exterior to its present form. The renamed Grand Hotel had thirty sleeping rooms, an office, a new kitchen and large dining room which occupied half of the first floor. As a result of these changes, the hotel continued to play an important role in downtown New Ulm into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Over the ensuing years, the building fell out of use as a hotel and went through a succession of owners and various occupants. In 1970 it was purchased and turned into a boarding house. In the 1990s it housed a coffee shop, framing gallery and radio station KNUJ; the third floor was vacant. In 2000, Anne Makepeace, the great-great granddaughter of Philip Gross, purchased the building with her husband and members of her family. In February 2003, the Makepeaces began restoring the building to its original appearance in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Hotel is significant because of its association with the development of New Ulm&#39;s business district, which played a central role in the economic growth of the southern Minnesota River Valley in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is also architecturally noteworthy as a good example of an Italianate commercial building. It is the finest largely unaltered example of mid-Victorian period commercial design in New Ulm and the surrounding area. Other commercial buildings of larger size with greater detailing remain in New Ulm, but the majority were constructed at least ten years later and have had their street level facades dramatically altered (see the Boesch, Hummel, and Maltzahn Block); as such, no building in the downtown commercial district has retained such a high degree of historic architectural integrity.</p><br>
<p>Lake Rotokare is a landslide dammed lake in the New Zealand region of Taranaki. It is located 12 km east of Eltham.</p><br>
<p>The 230 hectare Scenic Reserve, in the Tangahoe catchment, is the country&#39;s largest wetland and lake habitat inside a predator proof fence. It is administered by South Taranaki District Council and Rotokare Scenic Reserve Trust. Species in the Reserve include raupo, flax, purei, makura, pukatea, kahikatea, coprosma, swamp maire, water millet, jointed baumea, Australasian bittern, spotless crake, fernbird, gold striped gecko, banded kokopu, koura, and short and long-finned eel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Reserve was created in the early 1870s. Road access was created in 1914. In 2008, the Rotokare Scenic Reserve Trust completed construction of a predator proof fence around the reserve.</p><br>
<p>The Köroğlu Mountains  are a mountain range situated in the northern Turkey, north of Ankara. It rises along the North Anatolian Fault and the Black Sea.</p><br>
<p>This range crosses the provinces of Bolu, Çankırı and Çorum, and its limits are Sakarya River, to the west, and Kızılırmak River, to the east.</p><br>
<p>The highest place, situated south of Bolu, is an andesitic formation, constituted by a plateau where is situated the highest point of this range, Köroğlu Tepesi, at 2,499 m (8,200 ft) above sea level. This place has forests with firs and pines, extensive summer pastures and picturesque yaylas (mountain resorts with alpine cabins).</p><br>
<p>Recently, two ski resorts near Köroğlu Tepesi were inaugurated: Kartalkaya and Sarialan, with altitudes between 1,900 m (6,233 ft) and 2,378 m (7,802 ft).</p><br>
<p>Stokeleigh Camp is an Iron Age promontory fort in Leigh Woods North Somerset near Bristol, England. It has been designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders themselves, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status, as iron made edged weapons more generally available. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<h2>Situation</h2><br>
<p>Stokeleigh Camp is one of three Iron Age fortifications overlooking the Avon Gorge, the others being Burwalls south of the Nightingale Valley, of which almost no trace remains, and the other being Clifton Camp on the opposite side of the gorge, on Clifton Down near the Observatory.</p><br>
<p>A prehistoric road ran from Stokeleigh Camp to Cadbury Camp near Tickenham.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Stokeleigh Camp is situated on a promontory, and occupies around 7.5 acre. It was protected by the Avon Gorge to the north and east, by the steeply sloping Nightingale Valley on the south and by three ramparts which increase in size as they move inwards towards the central plateau, with the innermost vallum (a ditch and rampart with a palisade) being over 30 ft high. It shows evidence of dry walling along most of its length, although this may not be an original feature.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Stokeleigh Camp is thought to have been occupied from the late pre-Roman Iron Age, when it was in the area controlled by the Dobunni. Archaeological investigations suggest during the 1st century Belgae tribes may have been present with some of the pottery showing the influence of the Durotriges. There may have been a break in occupation before reuse in the middle to late 2nd century.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the pottery recovered a possible coin of Gallienus dating from his reign between 253 and 268 has been recovered. An iron-involuted brooch of the La Tène II type has also been found.</p><br>
<p>It is unclear whether the occupation of Stokeleigh Camp in the 3rd century was for a formal garrison or whether it was just used by "squatters" or as a place of refuge in times of crisis. It has been suggested that Stokeleigh was connected with the Wansdyke, a series of defensive linear earthworks, consisting of a ditch and an embankment running at least from Maes Knoll in Somerset, to the Savernake Forest near Marlborough in Wiltshire, however there is little evidence for this.</p><br>
<p>It is also possible that the site was occupied in the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>Banwell Camp is a univallate Iron Age hill fort in the North Somerset district of Somerset, England. The hill fort is situated approximately 1.6 mi east from the town of Banwell. Some artefacts found on the site dates back to the Bronze Age and the Stone Age. In places it is surrounded by a 4 m high bank and ditch.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1950s it was excavated by J.W. Hunt of the Banwell Society of Archaeology.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>A local folktale tells of the origin of Banwell Cross, carved into the earth at Banwell Hill. The Devil kept destroying all the villagers&#39; efforts to build an upright cross, so they decided to foil him by creating a horizontal one instead.</p><br>
<p>Burrington Camp, also known as Burrington Ham, is an Iron Age hill fort in the North Somerset district of Somerset, England. The hill fort is situated in the Mendip Hills approximately 0.6 mi south from the village of Burrington.</p><br>
<p>The camp overlooks Burrington Combe, where there have been archaeological discoveries of cemeteries, demonstrating a very long human occupation of the area. The hill fort has an oval shape and is univallate.</p><br>
<p>The name "Burrington Ham" was commonly used for the hill fort before the 20th century. At that time, the camp was sometimes thought to be a Roman one and was also associated with the Druids.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>The Abner Williams Log House is a historic log cabin in the southeastern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located northeast of Lashley in Noble County,</p><br>
<p>Born in 1798, Abner Williams was the grandson of early Guernsey County settler Joseph Williams. In 1827, at the age of 29, Abner purchased land in a valley near the present-day Quaker City; here he settled and built his log house, which was completed by the end of the year. Williams was a successful farmer; his original property was 82 acre, but by the end of his life, he had added another 210 acre to it. Noble County was formed in 1851, being the last of Ohio&#39;s counties to be created. County voters chose two justices of the peace in that year, and Abner Williams was one of the men elected.</p><br>
<p>Built of logs on a stone foundation, the Williams House is covered with a metal roof and some elements of weatherboarding. It has been recognized as a typical example of log house construction styles common in eastern Ohio during the second quarter of the nineteenth century. In 1979, the Abner Williams Log House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of place as the home of a leading local citizen. Expanding its importance is the state of the surrounding countryside: surface mining for coal has unintentionally damaged much of the historic nature of the rural region, increasing the historic importance of surviving properties such as the Williams House.</p><br>
<p>Litlesotra, or sometimes Lille Sotra, is an island in Fjell municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. It is part of the Sotra island group which makes up the southern part of a larger archipelago of islands from Fedje south through Øygarden. The 16.7 km&sup2; island has about 10,000 residents. The main settlement on the island is Straume. Other settlements include Knarrevik, Foldnes, and Brattholmen. The island is connected to the mainland via the Sotra Bridge. It is also connected to the large island of Sotra, via a series of bridges over the island of Bildøy.</p><br>
<p>The island lies where the Hjeltefjorden meets the Byfjorden. The island of Bjorøyna lies to the south, the island of Askøy lies to the northeast, the island of Geitung lies to the northwest, and Bildøy and Sotra islands lie to the west. The Bergen Peninsula on the mainland lies to the east.</p><br>
<p>Turøyna or Turøy is an island in Fjell municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. The 1.67 km&sup2; island lies just west of the islands of Toftøyna and Misje in the northern part of Fjell municipality. Prior to 1964, the island was part of the old municipality of Herdla.</p><br>
<p>About one hundred people live on the island. The island has a road connection to the mainland via the Turøy Bridge which connects to Toftøyna. The road then continues over a series of bridges connecting a string of islands to each other and to the city of Bergen. The postcode is 5365 Turøy.</p><br>
<p>The island is a good spot for birdwatching and there is an ornithological station on the island.</p><br>
<p>The island received some notoriety because of a 2016 helicopter crash.</p><br>
<p>Rongøyna or Rongøy is an island in Øygarden municipality in northwestern Hordaland county, Norway. The 2.7 km&sup2; island is located in the Øygarden archipelago, north of the island of Toftøyna, east of Ono, and south of Blomøyna. The village of Rong covers the majority of the island. The island is connected to the island of Toftøyna via the Rongesundet Bridge, which crosses the Rongesundet strait and there is a short bridge over the Ulvsundet strait on the north side of the island.</p><br>
<p>The island has about 1000 residents (est. 2008) and it is notable for its aquaculture industry. There is a scallops hatchery located at Rong. The island is the site of two municipal schools: Rong School (grades 1-7), serving southern Øygarden, and Øygarden School (grades 8-10), serving the whole municipality.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Caldwell House is a historic house in the village of Caldwell, Ohio, United States. Erected in 1832, it is the oldest house in the village.</p><br>
<p>Surveyor Robert Caldwell settled at the site of the present house in 1809, becoming the first settler in the vicinity. His son Samuel expanded the farm and began to diversify, building both a gristmill and a sawmill on his property by 1836. Noble County was formed in 1851, being the last of Ohios counties to be created. Soon after the countys establishment, Caldwell agreed to donate land on his farm for public purposes; in 1857, part of this land was chosen as the site of the new county seat, and he was made the namesake of the new village. Caldwell&#39;s family continued to own and operate the remnant portion of the farm into the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation, Caldwell&#39;s house is a two-story structure constructed in an undeterminate architectural style. The original portion of the house is rectangular, although a frame addition was later attached to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Samuel Caldwell House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its role in local history and because of its place as the home of a leading local citizen. Four lesser but related buildings on the same property were also designated as historic as part of the process. The Caldwell House is seen as a significant element in local history primarily because of the manner in which the village of Caldwell was developed: the Caldwell farm was typical of the way in which many early Ohio communities were developed from land donated from a large farm. It is one of nine Noble County properties on the National Register, and one of two in Caldwell, along with the building that historically housed the county jail and sheriff&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>The Sacrow–Paretz Canal, or Sacrow-Paretzer-Kanal in German, is a canal in the German state of Brandenburg. It provides a short cut for vessels navigating the River Havel, linking the Jungfernsee, near Potsdam, with Paretz.</p><br>
<p>Building of the canal started in 1874, and it was opened in 1876. Since then it has been widened and deepened twice, once between 1888 and 1890, and again in the 1920s. Unlike the Havel Canal, which also provides a short cut for the River Havel, and also has its downstream end at Paretz, both ends of the Sacrow–Paretz Canal are downstream of Berlin.</p><br>
<p>The canal is 12.5 km long, of which 7.5 km comprises artificially cut channel, whilst the rest is accounted for by several lakes. Besides the Jungfernsee, these include the Weißer See, the Fahrlander See and the Schlänitzsee. The canal has no locks, and is crossed by four bridges.</p><br>
<p>The Red Lake State Forest is a Minnesota state forest located primarily in Beltrami County, although portions extend into Koochiching County. The forest borders the Pine Island State Forest to the east and Upper Red Lake to the west. Minnesota State Highway 72 runs through the forest.</p><br>
<p>The location of Lake Agassiz in the area led to the flat topography of the forest, which is dotted with wetlands and bogs, a sandy loam is throughout. The vast expanses of old-growth northern whitecedar and pine were extensively logged in the early 20th century. The landscape is now dominated by black spruce, tamarack, and northern whitecedar in the lowlands; aspen, pine, and balsam fir predominate in upland sites.</p><br>
<p>Popular outdoor recreational activities in the forest include fishing and hunting. Trails are designated for hiking, as well as snowmobiling in the wintertime. Camping is available at a campground near the town of Waskish and throughout the forest in the form of dispersed camping</p><br>
<p>Sweetwater Mansion , located in Florence, Alabama, is a plantation house designed by General John Brahan of the Alabama Militia. A veteran of the War of 1812, Brahan owned more than 4,000 acres in eastern Lauderdale County, Alabama. The eight room home was built of bricks manufactured on the site of Sweetwater Creek which lay just below the house. Sweetwater Mansion received its name from the creek and was first occupied by Brahan&#39;s son-in-law Robert M. Patton, a post-Civil War governor of Alabama, who completed the mansion in 1835.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Legends and ghost stories</h2><br>
<p>Stories of paranormal activity have been told about the house for many years. Numerous apparitions have allegedly been seen in and around the house. One of the most interesting stories involves a caretaker who reported that she saw a casket laid out in one of the downstairs rooms with the corpse of a Confederate soldier inside. She later discovered she had possibly seen the body of one of Governor Pattons sons whose funeral was conducted in the house. Local paranormal investigators have investigated the property and Sweetwater Mansion was featured in an episode of A&Es Paranormal State on April 25, 2011.</p><br>
<p>Ooty lake is located in Ooty in the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India. It covers an area of 65 acres. The Boat house situated by the lake, which offers boating facilities to tourists, is a major tourist attraction in Ooty.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ooty lake is an artificial lake constructed by John Sullivan, in 1824. The water flowing down mountain streams in the Ooty valley was dammed to form the lake. The lake became empty on three occasions when it breached its bund. The lake was originally intended to be used for fishing with ferries being used to travel across the lake. It gradually shrunk from its original size giving place to the current bus stand race course, and the lake park. The Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation on behalf of the Tourism Department took the possession of the lake in 1973, for providing boating facilities as a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The lake is surrounded by groves of Eucalyptus trees with a railway line running along one shore.</p><br>
<h2>Boat house</h2><br>
<p>The boat house, which adjoins the lake was opened by the Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC). Boating is the prime attraction at the lake. The boat house offers boating facilities with Paddle boats, Row boats, and Motor boats. It also features a garden, a mini train and an amusement park. The other notable features include a canteen run by the TTDC and pony rides in front of the boat house.</p><br>
<h2>Setbacks</h2><br>
<p>The lake has had continuous problems with rapidly proliferating weeds (water hyacinth). The officials of the Public Works Department (PWD), have been continually working to clean the lake of the weeds.</p><br>
<p>According to a study conducted by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Ooty lake is the most polluted water body in the state and its water is not fit for potable purposes.</p><br>
<p>Cypress Avenue East Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 247 contributing buildings built between 1900 and 1914. They consist mainly of three story tenements with two apartments per floor. They feature alternating facades of light and dark speckled brick.</p><br>
<p>The district boundaries were drawn to exclude commercial and frame construction buildings, and include the following addresses:</p><br>
<p>Linden Street</p><br>
<p>16-66 to 16-92</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-40</p><br>
<p>Cypress Avenue</p><br>
<p>654, 664</p><br>
<p>Gates Avenue</p><br>
<p>16-73 to 16-91</p><br>
<p>16-74 to 16-94</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-21</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-22</p><br>
<p>Palmetto Street</p><br>
<p>16-63 to 16-83</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-21</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-22</p><br>
<p>Woodbine Street</p><br>
<p>16-61 to 16-83</p><br>
<p>16-60/2? to 16-84</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-21</p><br>
<p>17-02 to 17-26</p><br>
<p>Seneca Avenue</p><br>
<p>652 to 668</p><br>
<p>784 to 790</p><br>
<p>802 to 816</p><br>
<p>Madison Street</p><br>
<p>17-01 to 17-25</p><br>
<p>17-10 to 17-28</p><br>
<p>Cornelia Street</p><br>
<p>17-19 to 17-33</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Fresh Pond–Traffic Historic District is a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York. It includes 197 contributing buildings built between 1914 and 1921. They consist mainly of brick two story row houses with one apartment per floor. They have flat or rounded fronts with cream colored or amber, iron spot brick.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the following addresses:</p><br>
<p>Linden Street</p><br>
<p>61-11 to 61-57</p><br>
<p>61-12 to 61-64</p><br>
<p>Gates Avenue</p><br>
<p>61-09 to 61-59</p><br>
<p>61-12 to 61-60</p><br>
<p>64-01 to 64-07</p><br>
<p>64-02 to 64-18</p><br>
<p>Palmetto Street</p><br>
<p>61-11 to 61-55</p><br>
<p>61-12 to 61-54</p><br>
<p>64-01 to 64-33</p><br>
<p>64-02 to 64-42</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Gag Island is one of the Raja Ampat Islands in the Indonesian province of West Papua. It is situated some 150 kilometres west of Sorong, the provincial capital.</p><br>
<p>The island&#39;s population is approximately 450 living at Gambier Bay. This community was established in the early 1960s by people moving to the island in the hope of finding work with nickel exploration ventures at that time.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>PT Gag Nikel is company formed in 1996 as a joint venture agreement between BHP Billiton (75%) and Indonesia&#39;s state-owned mining company, PT Aneka Tambang Tbk (25%). A contract of work was awarded in February 1998, and a program of exploration and preliminary evaluation was conducted. In late 1999, the Indonesian government enacted a forestry law prohibiting open cast mining in "protection forest" areas. The forest on Gag Island was subsequently reclassified as "protection forest", stopping any mining activity on the island. Subsequent to these events, the Contract of Work for Gag Island was suspended. No exploration work on the island has been undertaken since late 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>The Samuel Danford Farm is a historic complex of buildings in northeastern Noble County, Ohio, United States. Located near the village of Summerfield, the complex comprises six buildings and one other site in an area of approximately 7.5 acre.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Danford first settled at the present farm site in 1817 and quickly built a log cabin. Here he lived for sixteen years before building the present house; constructed of brick on a stone foundation and topped with a slate roof, it features a simple exterior and a simple interior. The floor plan has been modified by the construction of a frame addition to the rear, but no obvious changes have been made to the facade.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Danford was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and local Methodists began to meet for worship at the Danford farm as early as 1818. Known as the Glady Methodist Church, the members decided to construct a church building in 1869 on the Danford property. By this time, Samuel had been dead for more than twenty-five years, but his widow lived to see the completion of the church building; it was occupied until the church dissolved in 1905. Located near the church, and also on the original Danford farm, is the church&#39;s cemetery: known as the "Glady Cemetery," it is the burial place of Samuel Danford, of his family, and of many other early Noble County pioneers.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the Danford farm property, including the former church and cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The farm qualified for inclusion on the Register in two separate ways: its architecture was deemed to be historically significant, and it played an important place in the exploration, settlement, and later history of its locality. Such a designation is unusual: the National Park Service requires that both cemeteries and religious properties pass stricter criteria for inclusion on the Register than other types of historic properties.</p><br>
<p>The Cassius Clark Thompson House is a historic residence on the edge of downtown East Liverpool, Ohio, United States. Built in 1876 in a Late Victorian form of the Italianate style of architecture,</p><br>
<p>Born in 1851, Cassius Clark Thompson was a major player in East Liverpools dominant pottery industry; he was the owner of a prosperous pottery firm that had been founded in 1868. Intending to build himself a house, he purchased a hillside lot on the southeastern edge of downtown, finding the sites view of the nearby Ohio River highly attractive. two-and-a-half stories tall. The dominant feature of its architecture is a large tower at the front of the house: measuring three stories tall, it is crowned with an ornate wrought iron railing.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the Thompson House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places; it was the second of forty-four Columbiana County properties so to be designated, following only the Beginning Point of the USA Public Land Survey, which marks the countys border with Beaver County, Pennsylvania. It qualified for inclusion on the Register both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its close connection to one of the areas most significant historical figures. Nearly twenty other individual buildings and historic districts in East Liverpool have since been added to the Register. Most recent of these new additions is the East Liverpool Downtown Historic District: when it was designated in 2001, it was composed of more than one hundred contributing properties, including the Thompson House.</p><br>
<p>Mount Oku, or Kilum Mountain, is the largest volcano in the Oku Massif, in the Cameroon Volcanic Line, located in the Oku region of the Western High Plateau of Cameroon.</p><br>
<p>It is the second highest mountain in mainland Central Africa.</p><br>
<p>The stratovolcano rises to 3,011 m above sea level, and is cut by a large caldera.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Some of the rocks have ages starting from 24.9 to 22.1 million years ago, but much more recent activity has occurred.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is built of basaltic and hawaiitic lavas, succeeded by trachytes, and then by large volumes of trachytic and rhyolitic ignimbrites with a thickness of up to 1,000 m.</p><br>
<p>Further trachytic lavas, tuffs and breccias were produced, and the most recent phase produced pyroclastic cones and explosion craters.</p><br>
<p>One of these craters holds Lake Oku, from which flows of basalt issued in the north, and of rhyolitic and phonolitic lavas in the south.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>A small sphagnum community with associated wetland plant species was discovered at 2,900 m in 1997, near the summit of the volcano, the highest sphagnum bog in West Africa. This site includes several plant species endemic to the Kilum-Ijim area, and is of extremely high conservation importance.</p><br>
<p>The 200 km of forests of the Kilum-Ijim area around the mountain form the largest remaining patch of montane forest in West Africa, an important habitat for endemic species of animals and plants.</p><br>
<p>The forest is at risk, since it is surrounded by a high density of human settlements.</p><br>
<p>BirdLife International and the Ministry of the Environment and Forestry are jointly operating the Kilum-Ijim Forest Project, which aims to conserve the forest biome, maintain biodiversity and ensure sustainable reuse.</p><br>
<p>Most of the area within the Kilum-Ijim boundary is above 2000 metres in height, and consists of montane forest mixed with montane grassland and subalpine communities. At lower elevations, most of the submontane forest has been cleared for agriculture. Based on satellite images, between 1958 and 1988 about half of the forest was lost, although regeneration began soon after the conservation project was started in 1987. Since then there has been steady recovery of the forest reserve, which is under the direct management of the Kilum-Ijim communities.</p><br>
<p>The Katherine Emery Estate is a historic house located at 1155 Oak Grove Avenue in San Marino, California. It is named for prominent California resident Katherine Sinclair Emery, who commissioned its construction, and has no connection to 1940s Hollywood character actress Katherine Emery.</p><br>
<p>Prominent Southern California architect Myron Hunt designed the Tudor Revival house, which was completed in 1928. The house&#39;s design includes multiple gable ends and dormers adorned with carved bargeboards and half-timbering. Other characteristic Tudor Revival elements include the stucco walls, groups of casement windows, and steep roof. The interior of the house features a Tudor great hall with a staircase, tracery windows, and oak woodwork.</p><br>
<p>Landscape architects Florence Yoch & Lucile Council worked with Hunt, designing the gardens surrounding the house. Major features of their work include terraces with stone balustrades.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 2011.</p><br>
<p>The German-language Treue der Union Monument , is located in the Kendall County community of Comfort in the USA state of Texas. It was dedicated on August 10, 1866 to commemorate those who died at the 1862 Nueces massacre. Thirty-four were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner. With the exception of those drowned in the Rio Grande, the remains of the deceased are buried at the site of the monument. Although scholars have debunked some too-broad claims about its uniqueness, the monument has notably been asserted to be the "only" monument to the Union on formerly Confederate soil .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>The battle</h2><br>
<p>In 1862, the Confederate States of America imposed martial law on Central Texas, due to resistance to the Civil War. Jacob Kuechler served as a guide for sixty-one conscientious objectors attempting to flee to Mexico. Scottish born Confederate irregular James Duff and his Duff’s Partisan Rangers pursued and overtook them at the Nueces River.</p><br>
<p>Thirty-four were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner. Jacob Kuechler survived the Nueces massacre. The cruelty shocked the people of Gillespie County and surrounding areas. Two thousand took to the hills to escape Duff&#39;s reign of terror.</p><br>
<h2>The monument</h2><br>
<p>On August 19, 1865, Eduard Degener, Eduard Steves, and William Heuermann paid $20 for a lot in Comfort, for the purpose of building a monument. The bodies of those who drowned in the massacre were never recovered. The bodies of the remaining massacre victims were recovered for burial by local residents in a mass grave on the lot purchased by Degener, Steves and Heuermann. On August 20, 1865, at Comfort, Texas, three hundred people attended the funeral for the remains of the victims of the massacre. The funeral cortege was accompanied by Federal troops who fired a salute over the mass grave. Eduard Degener, father of victims Hugo and Hilmar, delilvered the eulogy.</p><br>
<p>With donations from local residents and families of the victims, the Treue der Union Monument was dedicated on August 10, 1866 in Kendall County. The obelisk stands twenty feet high and was constructed of native limestone by local stonemasons and several carvers. The main obelisk weighs 35,700 pounds, with the top containing the original four name tablets. The United States 1865 flag has thirty-six stars, representing the number of states at the time of the monument dedication. On the lawn at the base are four name tablets in German. Inside the second course of the monument is a time capsule.</p><br>
<p>In 1994, the Comfort Heritage Foundation oversaw a restoration conducted by Boerne stonemason Karl H. Kuhn.</p><br>
<h2>Names on Treue der Union Monument</h2><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>With and without qualifications, the Treue der Union has been broadly asserted to be the only monument to the Union on former Confederate soil. If the assertion is made with no qualification, it is demonstrably false. More limited claims, among many, include:</p><br>
<p>In an undated entry about the Nueces massacre in The Handbook of Texas Online, the Texas State Historical Association asserts ""It is the only German-language monument to the Union in the South where the remains of those killed in battle are buried, and where an 1866 thirty-six star American flag flies at half-staff."</p><br>
<p>As recently as 2012, in the book Texans and War: New Interpretations of the State&#39;s Military History published by Texas A & M University Press, authors Alexander Mendoza and Charles David Grear make the claim that it is "the only shrine to the Union erected by inhabitants on former Confederate soil."</p><br>
<p>The 2008 book Civil War Sites: The Official Guide to the Civil War Discovery Trail, compiled by the Civil War Preservation Trust, lists it as "the only memorial to the Union (outside national cemeteries) in Confederate territory, and only one of six places in the nation permitted by Congress to fly the flag at half-staff in perpetuity (and the only one of these to fly the flag with thirty-six stars)."</p><br>
<p>In 2006, authors Walter D. Kamphoefner, Wolfgang Helbich Susan Carter Vogel and asserted in Germans in the Civil War: The Letters They Wrote Home that it is "the only monument of its kind in the South."</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service, the 32nd Indiana Monument at Cave Hill National Cemetery in Kentucky "is the oldest Civil War memorial in the country." The 32nd Indiana Infantry Regiment of the Union Army was composed primarily of soldiers of German ancestry. After the December 1861 Battle of Rowletts Station, regiment private August Bloedner created the limestone memorial in the German language as a tribute to his regiments fatalities. Also known as the August Bloedner Monument, both the monument and the bodies of those it honors are together in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In a 2012 article for The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, physician and US Army veteran Frank Wilson Kiel sorted known facts from lore about the monument. Citing monuments to the Union on Southern soil, he names two memorials in Tennessee, Greeneville and Cleveland, as well as three others in Texas, Denison, Dallas and New Braunfels. The claim of Treue der Union being the oldest is discredited by the 1863 Hazen Brigade Monument in Stones River National Battlefield in Tennessee and the 1861 August Bloedner Monument in Kentucky. Kiel traces the trail of misinformation back as far as 1938. Accordingly, he states that there is no protocol for flying a flag at half-mast, but rather a matter of choice for non-governmental institutions such as the Comfort Heritage Foundation. The misunderstanding stemmed from personal communications between one congressman and two different individuals associated with the monument. Congress never passed legislation on the issue.</p><br>
<p>The Nathan Harris House is an historic house at 425 Main Street in Westbrook, Maine. Built about 1830, it is a well-preserved example of Federal period architecture, most notable for the murals painted on some of its walls in the 1830s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. The house is now used as a professional office.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Harris House is located in a commercial area east of downtown Westbrook, in a large island of buildings surrounded by Cumberland Street, Main Street, and Harnois Avenue. The house is located near the eastern end of this island, next to the late 19th-century Warren Block. The house is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a five-bay front section and a cross-gabled ell extending to the rear. The front is symmetrical, with the center entrance adorned by sidelight windows and pilasters, with a semi-oval fan above. The interior retains Federal period woodwork in the parlor spaces that is of unusually high quality for what was at the time a comparatively modest setting. The main hall and right-side parlor both have oil-painted murals on the walls. Comparative analysis of these murals with similar works of known attribution suggests they were the work of either Sturtevant J. Hamblen or William Matthew Prior, both of whom produced works in the Portland area in the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1828-30, and is a rare surviving example of a modest merchant&#39;s home of the period, a type of house that would have been quite common at the time. In the 20th century the building was repurposed as a law office, given the increasingly commercial surroundings. The murals were undergoing restorative work at the time the building was listed on the National Register in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Vallée Family House is an historic house at 36 Monroe Avenue in Westbrook, Maine. Built in 1914, this architecturally undistinguished American Foursquare house was a childhood home of entertainer Rudy Vallée during the period in which his interests in music and entertaining developed. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Vallée Family House is located on the east side of Monroe Avenue, a residential side street east of downtown Westbrook. It is a fairly typical American Foursquare house, roughly square in shape and two stories in height, with a hip roof and clapboard siding. A hip-roof dormer projects from the front-facing roof face, and a single-story hip-roof porch extends across its front. A gable projects over the front steps, with false half-timbering in the gable, and large decorative brackets as support. The interior follows a side hall plan.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1914 for Charles A. Vallee, the owner of a local drugstore. Vallee had moved to Westbrook in 1905, and it is here that his son, Hubert Prior Vallee, grew up. Better known by his stage name of Rudy, the younger Vallee developed his interest in music and entertaining while growing up here, exposed to music through records and phonographs at his father&#39;s drugstore, and movies through work at local theaters. By 1920 he was playing the saxophone in local orchestras, and he rose to national stardom in the 1930s.</p><br>
